List of prime ministers of Italy
_cropped.jpg)
- Top left: Camillo Benso, Count of Cavour was the first prime minister of the Kingdom of Italy.
- Top right: Benito Mussolini was the longest-serving prime minister in Italian history.
- Bottom left: Silvio Berlusconi was the longest-serving prime minister of the Italian Republic.
- Bottom right: Giorgia Meloni is the current prime minister of Italy as well as the first woman to hold the office.
The prime minister of Italy is the head of the Council of Ministers, which holds effective executive power in the Italian government.[1][2] The first officeholder was Camillo Benso, Count of Cavour, who was sworn in on 23 March 1861 after the unification of Italy.[3] Cavour previously served as Prime Minister of the Kingdom of Sardinia, an office from which the Italian prime minister took most of its powers and duties.[4] During the monarchy period, prime ministers were appointed by the king of Italy, as laid down in the Albertine Statute.[5] From 1925 until the fall of his regime in 1943, fascist dictator Benito Mussolini formally modified the office title to "Head of Government, Prime Minister and Secretary of State".[6] From 1861 to 1946, 30 men served as prime ministers, leading 67 governments in total.[7]
After the abolition of the Kingdom of Italy in 1946 and the proclamation of the Italian Republic, the office was established by Articles 92 through 96 of the Constitution of Italy. Alcide De Gasperi is the only prime minister who has held this position both in the Kingdom of Italy and in the Republic of Italy.
The prime minister is appointed by the President of the Republic and must receive a confidence vote by both houses of Parliament: the Chamber of Deputies and the Senate.[8] From 1946 to 2022, in the first 76 years after the creation of the Republic, 30 men served as prime ministers.[9][10] The current officeholder is Giorgia Meloni, who was appointed on 22 October 2022, becoming the first woman to hold this office.[11][12]
The longest-serving prime minister in the history of Italy was Benito Mussolini, who ruled the country from 1922 until 1943;[13] the longest-serving prime minister of the Italian Republic is Silvio Berlusconi, who held the position for more than nine years between 1994 and 2011.[14] The shortest-serving officeholder was Tommaso Tittoni, who served as prime minister for only 16 days in 1905,[15] while the shortest-serving prime minister of the Italian Republic was Fernando Tambroni, who governed for 123 days in 1960.[16]
Prime ministers of Italy
[edit]Prime ministers of the Kingdom of Italy (1861–1946)
[edit]Parties:[a]
- 1861–1912:
- Historical Right
- Historical Left
- Military
- 1912–1922:
- Liberal Union / Italian Liberal Party
- Italian Radical Party
- Italian Reformist Socialist Party
- 1922–1943:
- National Fascist Party
Coalitions:[b]
- 1861–1912:
- Rightist coalition
- Leftist coalition
- Mixed coalition
- 1912–1922:
- Liberal coalition
- 1922–1943:
- Fascist government
- 1943–1946:
- National Liberation Committee
- Mixed coalition
Acronyms and abbreviations:
-
- Right: Historical Right
- Left: Historical Left
- PSI/PSIUP: Italian Socialist Party
- PR: Italian Radical Party
- UL: Liberal Union
- PRI: Italian Republican Party
- UECI: Italian Catholic Electoral Union
- PSRI: Italian Reformist Socialist Party
- PLDI: Italian Democratic Liberal Party
- PPI: Italian People's Party
- PDSI: Italian Social Democratic Party
- PLI: Italian Liberal Party
- PA: Agrarian Party
- PNF: National Fascist Party
- ANI: Italian Nationalist Association
- DC: Christian Democracy
- PCI: Italian Communist Party
- PdA: Action Party
- PDL: Labour Democratic Party
Symbols:
† Died in office
| Portrait | Name (Birth–Death) |
Term of office | Party | Government | Composition | Legislature (Election) |
Monarch (Reign) |
Ref. | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Took office | Left office | Time in office | |||||||||
_-_Cavour_cropped.jpg)
|
Count Camillo Benso di Cavour (1810–1861) |
23 March 1861 |
6 June 1861† |
75 days | Historical Right | Cavour IV[c] | Right | VIII[c] (1861) |
Victor Emmanuel II[c] (1861–1878) |
[17] | |
_(cropped).jpg)
|
Baron Bettino Ricasoli (1809–1880) |
12 June 1861 |
3 March 1862 |
264 days | Historical Right | Ricasoli I | Right | [18] | |||
|
Urbano Rattazzi (1808–1873) |
3 March 1862 |
8 December 1862 |
280 days | Historical Left | Rattazzi I | Right • Left | [19] | |||
|
Luigi Carlo Farini (1812–1866) |
8 December 1862 |
24 March 1863 |
106 days | Historical Right | Farini | Right | [20] | |||
|
Marco Minghetti (1818–1886) |
24 March 1863 |
28 September 1864 |
1 year, 188 days | Historical Right | Minghetti I | Right | [21] | |||
|
General Alfonso Ferrero La Marmora (1804–1878) |
28 September 1864 |
31 December 1865 |
1 year, 265 days | Military | La Marmora II | Right | [22] [23] | |||
| 31 December 1865 |
20 June 1866 |
La Marmora III | IX (1865) | ||||||||
|
|
Baron Bettino Ricasoli (1809–1880) |
20 June 1866 |
10 April 1867 |
294 days | Historical Right | Ricasoli II | Right • Left | [24] | |||
|
|
Urbano Rattazzi (1808–1873) |
10 April 1867 |
27 October 1867 |
200 days | Historical Left | Rattazzi II | Right • Left | X (1867) |
[25] | ||
|
Count Luigi Federico Menabrea (1809–1896) |
27 October 1867 |
5 January 1868 |
2 years, 48 days | Historical Right | Menabrea I | Right | [26] [27] [28] | |||
| 5 January 1868 |
13 May 1869 |
Menabrea II | |||||||||
| 13 May 1869 |
14 December 1869 |
Menabrea III | |||||||||
|
Giovanni Lanza (1810–1882) |
14 December 1869 |
10 July 1873 |
3 years, 208 days | Historical Right | Lanza | Right | XI (1870) |
[29] | ||
|
|
Marco Minghetti (1818–1886) |
10 July 1873 |
25 March 1876 |
2 years, 259 days | Historical Right | Minghetti II | Right | XII (1874) |
[30] | ||
|
Agostino Depretis (1813–1887) |
25 March 1876 |
25 December 1877 |
1 year, 364 days | Historical Left | Depretis I | Left | XIII (1876) |
[31] [32] | ||
| 26 December 1877 |
24 March 1878 |
Depretis II | Umberto I (1878–1900) | ||||||||
|
Benedetto Cairoli (1825–1889) |
24 March 1878 |
19 December 1878 |
270 days | Historical Left | Cairoli I | Left | [33] | |||
|
|
Agostino Depretis (1813–1887) |
19 December 1878 |
14 July 1879 |
214 days | Historical Left | Depretis III | Left | [34] | |||
|
|
Benedetto Cairoli (1825–1889) |
14 July 1879 |
25 November 1879 |
1 year, 319 days | Historical Left | Cairoli II | Left | [35] [36] | |||
| 25 November 1879 |
29 May 1881 |
Cairoli III | XIV (1880) | ||||||||
|
|
Agostino Depretis (1813–1887) |
29 May 1881 |
25 May 1883 |
6 years, 61 days | Historical Left | Depretis IV | Left | [37] [38] [39] [40] [41] | |||
| 25 May 1883 |
30 March 1884 |
Depretis V | XV (1882) | ||||||||
| 30 March 1884 |
29 June 1885 |
Depretis VI | |||||||||
| 29 June 1885 |
4 April 1887 |
Depretis VII | XVI (1886) | ||||||||
| 4 April 1887 |
29 July 1887† |
Depretis VIII | |||||||||
|
Francesco Crispi (1818–1901) |
29 July 1887 |
9 March 1889 |
3 years, 192 days | Historical Left | Crispi I | Left | [42] [43] | |||
| 9 March 1889 |
6 February 1891 |
Crispi II | XVII (1890) | ||||||||
|
Marquess Antonio Starabba di Rudinì (1839–1908) |
6 February 1891 |
15 May 1892 |
1 year, 99 days | Historical Right | Di Rudinì I | Left • Right | [44] | |||
|
Giovanni Giolitti (1842–1928) |
15 May 1892 |
15 December 1893 |
1 year, 214 days | Historical Left | Giolitti I | Left | XVIII (1892) |
[45] | ||
|
|
Francesco Crispi (1818–1901) |
15 December 1893 |
14 June 1894 |
2 years, 86 days | Historical Left | Crispi III | Left • Right | [46] [47] | |||
| 14 June 1894 |
10 March 1896 |
Crispi IV | XIX (1895) | ||||||||
|
|
Marquess Antonio Starabba di Rudinì (1839–1908) |
10 March 1896 |
11 July 1896 |
2 years, 111 days | Historical Right | Di Rudinì II | Right with Left's external support |
[48] [49] [50] [51] | |||
| 11 July 1896 |
14 December 1897 |
Di Rudinì III | |||||||||
| 14 December 1897 |
1 June 1898 |
Di Rudinì IV | Left • Right | XX (1897) | |||||||
| 1 June 1898 |
29 June 1898 |
Di Rudinì V | Left • Right | ||||||||
|
General Luigi Pelloux (1839–1924) |
29 June 1898 |
14 May 1899 |
1 year, 360 days | Military | Pelloux I | Left with Right's external support |
[52] [53] | |||
| 14 May 1899 |
24 June 1900 |
Pelloux II | Left • Right | ||||||||
|
Giuseppe Saracco (1821–1907) |
24 June 1900 |
15 February 1901 |
236 days | Historical Left | Saracco | Left • Right | XXI (1900) |
Victor Emmanuel III (1900–1946) |
[54] | |
|
Giuseppe Zanardelli (1826–1903) |
15 February 1901 |
3 November 1903 |
2 years, 261 days | Historical Left | Zanardelli | Left • Right | [55] | |||
|
|
Giovanni Giolitti (1842–1928) |
3 November 1903 |
12 March 1905 |
1 year, 129 days | Historical Left | Giolitti II | Left • Right with PSI's external support |
XXII (1904) |
[56] | ||
.jpg)
|
Tommaso Tittoni (1855–1931) |
12 March 1905 |
28 March 1905 |
16 days | Historical Right | Tittoni | Left • Right | [57] | |||
.jpg)
|
Alessandro Fortis (1842–1909) |
28 March 1905 |
24 December 1905 |
317 days | Historical Left | Fortis I | Left • Right | [58] [59] | |||
| 24 December 1905 |
8 February 1906 |
Fortis II | Left with Right's external support | ||||||||
|
Baron Sidney Sonnino (1847–1922) |
8 February 1906 |
29 May 1906 |
110 days | Historical Right | Sonnino I | Left • Right • PR | [60] | |||
|
|
Giovanni Giolitti (1842–1928) |
29 May 1906 |
11 December 1909 |
3 years, 196 days | Historical Left | Giolitti III | Left • Right | [61] | |||
|
|
Baron Sidney Sonnino (1847–1922) |
11 December 1909 |
31 March 1910 |
110 days | Historical Right | Sonnino II | Right with Left's external support |
XXIII (1909) |
[62] | ||
|
Luigi Luzzatti (1841–1927) |
31 March 1910 |
30 March 1911 |
364 days | Historical Right | Luzzatti | Left • Right • PR | [63] | |||
|
|
Giovanni Giolitti (1842–1928) |
30 March 1911 |
21 March 1914 |
2 years, 356 days | Liberal Union | Giolitti IV | UL • PR | [64] | |||
|
Antonio Salandra (1853–1931) |
21 March 1914 |
5 November 1914 |
2 years, 89 days | Liberal Union | Salandra I | UL | XXIV (1913) |
[65] [66] | ||
| 5 November 1914 |
18 June 1916 |
Salandra II | UL • PRI | ||||||||
|
Paolo Boselli (1838–1932) |
18 June 1916 |
30 October 1917 |
1 year, 134 days | Liberal Union | Boselli | UL • PR • UECI • PSRI | [67] | |||
|
Vittorio Emanuele Orlando (1860–1952) |
30 October 1917 |
23 June 1919 |
1 year, 236 days | Liberal Union | Orlando | UL • PR • UECI • PSRI | [68] | |||
.png)
|
Francesco Saverio Nitti (1868–1953) |
23 June 1919 |
21 May 1920 |
358 days | Italian Radical Party | Nitti I | UL • PLDI • PPI • PR • PSRI | [69] [70] | |||
| 21 May 1920 |
15 June 1920 |
Nitti II | UL • PLDI • PPI • PR | XXV (1919) | |||||||
.png)
|
Giovanni Giolitti (1842–1928) |
15 June 1920 |
4 July 1921 |
1 year, 19 days | Liberal Union | Giolitti V | UL • PLDI • PPI • PDSI • PR • PSRI | [71] | |||
|
Ivanoe Bonomi (1873–1951) |
4 July 1921 |
26 February 1922 |
237 days | Italian Reformist Socialist Party | Bonomi I | PPI • PLI • PLDI • PDSI • PSRI | XXVI (1921) |
[72] | ||
.jpg)
|
Luigi Facta (1861–1930) |
26 February 1922 |
1 August 1922 |
247 days | Liberal Union / Italian Liberal Party |
Facta I | PPI • PLI • PLDI • PDSI • PSRI • PA | [73] [74] | |||
| 1 August 1922 |
31 October 1922 |
Facta II | PPI • PLI • PLDI • PDSI • PSRI | ||||||||
|
Duce Benito Mussolini (1883–1945) |
31 October 1922 |
25 July 1943 |
20 years, 267 days | National Fascist Party | Mussolini | PPI • PLI • PDSI • PNF • ANI | [75] | |||
| PNF | XXVII (1924) | ||||||||||
| XXVIII (1929) | |||||||||||
| XXIX (1934) | |||||||||||
| XXX (no election) | |||||||||||
|
Marshal Pietro Badoglio (1871–1956) |
25 July 1943 |
24 April 1944 |
329 days | Military | Badoglio I | Independents • DC • PLI | Parliament abolished | [76] [77] | ||
| 24 April 1944 |
18 June 1944 |
Badoglio II | CLN DC • PCI • PLI • PSIUP • PdA • PDL | ||||||||
|
Ivanoe Bonomi (1873–1951) |
18 June 1944 |
12 December 1944 |
1 year, 3 days | Labour Democratic Party | Bonomi II | CLN DC • PCI • PLI • PSIUP • PdA • PDL |
[78] [79] | |||
| 12 December 1944 |
21 June 1945 |
Bonomi III | CLN DC • PCI • PLI • PDL | ||||||||
|
Ferruccio Parri (1890–1981) |
21 June 1945 |
10 December 1945 |
172 days | Action Party | Parri | CLN DC • PCI • PLI • PSIUP • PdA • PDL |
National Council | [80] | ||
|
Alcide De Gasperi (1881–1954) |
10 December 1945 |
13 July 1946 |
212 days | Christian Democracy | De Gasperi I | CLN DC • PCI • PLI • PSIUP • PdA • PDL |
Umberto II (1946) |
[81] | ||
- ^ Colors in the "Party" column indicate the party to which a prime minister belongs.
- ^ Colors in the "Cabinet" and "Composition" columns indicate the governing coalition.
- ^ a b c After the Italian unification, the regnal number of King Victor Emmanuel, as well as the numbering for governments and legislatures, were taken in continuation with the corresponding numbers in the Kingdom of Sardinia.
Prime ministers of the Italian Republic (1946–present)
[edit]Parties:[a]
Coalitions:[b]
- 1946–1994:
- National Liberation Committee
- Centrist coalition
- Organic centre-left
- Pentapartito / Quadripartito
- Mixed coalition
- 1994–present:
- Centre-right coalition
- Centre-left coalition
- Mixed coalition
Acronyms and abbreviations:
-
- DC: Christian Democracy
- PSI/PSIUP: Italian Socialist Party
- PCI: Italian Communist Party
- PRI: Italian Republican Party
- PDL: Labour Democratic Party
- PSDI: Italian Democratic Socialist Party
- PLI: Italian Liberal Party
- PDS: Democratic Party of the Left
- FdV: Federation of the Greens
- FI: Forza Italia
- LN: Northern League
- AN: National Alliance
- CCD: Christian Democratic Centre
- UdC: Union of the Centre (1993)
- PPI: Italian People's Party
- RI: Italian Renewal
- UD: Democratic Union
- PRC: Communist Refoundation Party
- DS: Democrats of the Left
- SDI: Italian Democratic Socialists
- PdCI: Party of Italian Communists
- UDR: Democratic Union for the Republic
- Dem: The Democrats
- UDEUR: Union of Democrats for Europe
- UDC: Union of the Centre (2002)
- NPSI: New Italian Socialist Party
- DL: The Daisy
- RnP: Rose in the Fist
- IdV: Italy of Values
- PdL: The People of Freedom
- PD: Democratic Party
- FLI: Future and Freedom
- NCD: New Centre-Right
- SC: Civic Choice
- PpI: Populars for Italy
- RI: Italian Radicals
- AP: Popular Alternative
- CpE: Centrists for Europe
- M5S: Five Star Movement
- Lega: League
- Art.1: Article One
- IV: Italia Viva
- IpF: Together for the Future
- A: Action
- FdI: Brothers of Italy
| Portrait | Name (Birth–Death) |
Term of office | Party | Government | Composition | Legislature (Election) |
President (Tenure) |
Ref. | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Took office | Left office | Time in office | |||||||||
|
|
Alcide De Gasperi (1881–1954) |
13 July 1946 |
2 February 1947 |
7 years, 35 days | Christian Democracy | De Gasperi II | CLN DC • PSIUP • PCI • PRI |
Constituent Assembly (1946) |
Enrico De Nicola .jpg) (1946–1948) |
[82] [83] [84] [85] [86] [87] [88] | |
| 2 February 1947 |
1 June 1947 |
De Gasperi III | CLN DC • PSI • PCI • PDL | ||||||||
| 1 June 1947 |
24 May 1948 |
De Gasperi IV | Centrism DC • PSDI • PLI • PRI | ||||||||
| 24 May 1948 |
27 January 1950 |
De Gasperi V | I (1948) |
Luigi Einaudi (1948–1955) | |||||||
| 27 January 1950 |
26 July 1951 |
De Gasperi VI | Centrism DC • PSDI • PRI | ||||||||
| 26 July 1951 |
16 July 1953 |
De Gasperi VII | Centrism DC • PRI | ||||||||
| 16 July 1953 |
17 August 1953 |
De Gasperi VIII[c] | DC | II (1953) | |||||||
|
Giuseppe Pella (1902–1981) |
17 August 1953 |
19 January 1954 |
155 days | Christian Democracy | Pella | DC | [89] | |||
|
Amintore Fanfani (1908–1999) |
19 January 1954 |
10 February 1954 |
22 days | Christian Democracy | Fanfani I[c] | DC | [90] | |||
|
Mario Scelba (1901–1991) |
10 February 1954 |
6 July 1955 |
1 year, 146 days | Christian Democracy | Scelba | Centrism DC • PSDI • PLI |
[91] | |||
|
Antonio Segni (1891–1972) |
6 July 1955 |
20 May 1957 |
1 year, 318 days | Christian Democracy | Segni I | Centrism DC • PSDI • PLI |
Giovanni Gronchi  (1955–1962) |
[92] | ||
|
Adone Zoli (1887–1960) |
20 May 1957 |
2 July 1958 |
1 year, 43 days | Christian Democracy | Zoli | DC | [93] | |||
|
|
Amintore Fanfani (1908–1999) |
2 July 1958 |
16 February 1959 |
229 days | Christian Democracy | Fanfani II | Centrism DC • PSDI |
III (1958) |
[94] | ||
|
|
Antonio Segni (1891–1972) |
16 February 1959 |
26 March 1960 |
1 year, 39 days | Christian Democracy | Segni II | DC | [95] | |||
|
Fernando Tambroni (1901–1963) |
26 March 1960 |
27 July 1960 |
123 days | Christian Democracy | Tambroni | DC | [96] | |||
|
|
Amintore Fanfani (1908–1999) |
27 July 1960 |
22 February 1962 |
2 years, 330 days | Christian Democracy | Fanfani III | DC | [97] [98] | |||
| 22 February 1962 |
22 June 1963 |
Fanfani IV | DC • PSDI • PRI | Antonio Segni (1962–1964) | |||||||
|
Giovanni Leone (1908–2001) |
22 June 1963 |
5 December 1963 |
166 days | Christian Democracy | Leone I | DC | IV (1963) |
[99] | ||
|
Aldo Moro (1916–1978) |
5 December 1963 |
23 July 1964 |
4 years, 203 days | Christian Democracy | Moro I | Organic centre-left DC • PSI • PSDI • PRI |
[100] [101] [102] | |||
| 23 July 1964 |
24 February 1966 |
Moro II | Giuseppe Saragat .jpg) (1964–1971) | ||||||||
| 24 February 1966 |
25 June 1968 |
Moro III | |||||||||
|
|
Giovanni Leone (1908–2001) |
25 June 1968 |
13 December 1968 |
171 days | Christian Democracy | Leone II | DC | V (1968) |
[103] | ||
|
Mariano Rumor (1915–1990) |
13 December 1968 |
6 August 1969 |
1 year, 236 days | Christian Democracy | Rumor I | Organic centre-left DC • PSU • PRI |
[104] [105] [106] | |||
| 6 August 1969 |
28 March 1970 |
Rumor II | DC | ||||||||
| 28 March 1970 |
6 August 1970 |
Rumor III | Organic centre-left DC • PSI • PSDI • PRI | ||||||||
|
Emilio Colombo (1920–2013) |
6 August 1970 |
18 February 1972 |
1 year, 196 days | Christian Democracy | Colombo | Organic centre-left DC • PSI • PSDI • PRI |
[107] | |||
|
Giulio Andreotti (1919–2013) |
18 February 1972 |
26 June 1972 |
1 year, 140 days | Christian Democracy | Andreotti I[c] | DC | Giovanni Leone  (1971–1978) |
[108] [109] | ||
| 26 June 1972 |
8 July 1973 |
Andreotti II | DC • PSDI • PLI | VI (1972) | |||||||
|
|
Mariano Rumor (1915–1990) |
8 July 1973 |
15 March 1974 |
1 year, 138 days | Christian Democracy | Rumor IV | Organic centre-left DC • PSI • PSDI • PRI |
[110] [111] | |||
| 15 March 1974 |
23 November 1974 |
Rumor V | Organic centre-left DC • PSI • PSDI | ||||||||
|
|
Aldo Moro (1916–1978) |
23 November 1974 |
12 February 1976 |
1 year, 250 days | Christian Democracy | Moro IV | DC • PRI | [112] [113] | |||
| 12 February 1976 |
30 July 1976 |
Moro V | DC | ||||||||
|
|
Giulio Andreotti (1919–2013) |
30 July 1976 |
13 March 1978 |
3 years, 6 days | Christian Democracy | Andreotti III | Historic Compromise DC |
VII (1976) |
[114] [115] [116] | ||
| 13 March 1978 |
21 March 1979 |
Andreotti IV | Sandro Pertini (1978–1985) | ||||||||
| 21 March 1979 |
5 August 1979 |
Andreotti V[c] | DC • PSDI • PRI | ||||||||
|
Francesco Cossiga (1928–2010) |
5 August 1979 |
4 April 1980 |
1 year, 74 days | Christian Democracy | Cossiga I | DC • PSDI • PLI | VIII (1979) |
[117] [118] | ||
| 4 April 1980 |
18 October 1980 |
Cossiga II | Organic centre-left DC • PSI • PRI | ||||||||
|
Arnaldo Forlani (1925–2023) |
18 October 1980 |
28 June 1981 |
253 days | Christian Democracy | Forlani | Organic centre-left DC • PSI • PSDI • PRI |
[119] | |||
|
Giovanni Spadolini (1925–1994) |
28 June 1981 |
23 August 1982 |
1 year, 156 days | Italian Republican Party | Spadolini I | Pentapartito DC • PSI • PSDI • PRI • PLI |
[120] [121] | |||
| 23 August 1982 |
1 December 1982 |
Spadolini II | |||||||||
|
Amintore Fanfani (1908–1999) |
1 December 1982 |
4 August 1983 |
246 days | Christian Democracy | Fanfani V | DC • PSI • PSDI • PLI | [122] | |||
|
Bettino Craxi (1934–2000) |
4 August 1983 |
1 August 1986 |
3 years, 257 days | Italian Socialist Party | Craxi I | Pentapartito DC • PSI • PRI • PSDI • PLI |
IX (1983) |
[123] [124] | ||
| 1 August 1986 |
18 April 1987 |
Craxi II | Francesco Cossiga (1985–1992) | ||||||||
|
|
Amintore Fanfani (1908–1999) |
18 April 1987 |
29 July 1987 |
102 days | Christian Democracy | Fanfani VI[c] | DC | [98] | |||
|
Giovanni Goria (1943–1994) |
29 July 1987 |
13 April 1988 |
259 days | Christian Democracy | Goria | Pentapartito DC • PSI • PRI • PSDI • PLI |
X (1987) |
[125] | ||
.jpg)
|
Ciriaco De Mita (1928–2022) |
13 April 1988 |
23 July 1989 |
1 year, 101 days | Christian Democracy | De Mita | Pentapartito DC • PSI • PRI • PSDI • PLI |
[126] | |||
.jpg)
|
Giulio Andreotti (1919–2013) |
23 July 1989 |
13 April 1991 |
2 years, 341 days | Christian Democracy | Andreotti VI | Pentapartito DC • PSI • PRI • PSDI • PLI |
[127] [128] | |||
| 13 April 1991 |
28 June 1992 |
Andreotti VII | Quadripartito DC • PSI • PSDI • PLI | ||||||||
|
Giuliano Amato (born 1938) |
28 June 1992 |
28 April 1993 |
304 days | Italian Socialist Party | Amato I | Quadripartito DC • PSI • PLI • PSDI |
XI (1992) |
Oscar Luigi Scalfaro (1992–1999) |
[129] | |
.jpg)
|
Carlo Azeglio Ciampi (1920–2016) |
28 April 1993 |
11 May 1994 |
1 year, 13 days | Independent | Ciampi | DC • PSI • PDS[d] • PLI • PRI • PSDI • FdV[d] | [130] | |||
|
Silvio Berlusconi (1936–2023) |
11 May 1994 |
17 January 1995 |
251 days | Forza Italia | Berlusconi I | PdL–PBG FI • LN • AN • CCD • UdC |
XII (1994) |
[131] | ||
|
Lamberto Dini (born 1931) |
17 January 1995 |
18 May 1996 |
1 year, 122 days | Independent | Dini | Independents | [132] | |||
.jpg)
|
Romano Prodi (born 1939) |
18 May 1996 |
21 October 1998 |
2 years, 156 days | Independent[e] | Prodi I | The Olive Tree PDS • PPI • RI • FdV • UD |
XIII (1996) |
[133] | ||
|
Massimo D'Alema (born 1949) |
21 October 1998 |
22 December 1999 |
1 year, 188 days | Democrats of the Left | D'Alema I | The Olive Tree DS • PPI • RI • SDI[f] • FdV • PdCI • UDR[g] • UDEUR[h] • Dem[h] |
[134] [135] | |||
| 22 December 1999 |
26 April 2000 |
D'Alema II | Carlo Azeglio Ciampi (1999–2006) | ||||||||
.jpg)
|
Giuliano Amato (born 1938) |
26 April 2000 |
11 June 2001 |
1 year, 46 days | Independent[e] | Amato II | The Olive Tree DS • PPI • Dem • FdV • PdCI • UDEUR • RI • SDI |
[136] | |||
|
Silvio Berlusconi (1936–2023) |
11 June 2001 |
23 April 2005 |
4 years, 340 days | Forza Italia | Berlusconi II | House of Freedoms FI • AN • LN • UDC • NPSI • PRI |
XIV (2001) |
[137] [138] | ||
| 23 April 2005 |
17 May 2006 |
Berlusconi III | |||||||||
|
Romano Prodi (born 1939) |
17 May 2006 |
8 May 2008 |
1 year, 357 days | Independent / Democratic Party |
Prodi II | The Union DS • DL • PRC • RnP • PdCI • IdV • FdV • UDEUR |
XV (2006) |
Giorgio Napolitano (2006–2015) |
[139] | |
|
|
Silvio Berlusconi (1936–2023) |
8 May 2008 |
16 November 2011 |
3 years, 192 days | The People of Freedom | Berlusconi IV | Centre-right coalition PdL • LN |
XVI (2008) |
[140] | ||
|
Mario Monti (born 1943) |
16 November 2011 |
28 April 2013 |
1 year, 163 days | Independent | Monti | Independents | [141] | |||
|
Enrico Letta (born 1966) |
28 April 2013 |
22 February 2014 |
300 days | Democratic Party | Letta | Grand coalition PD • PdL[i] • NCD[j] • SC • PpI • UDC • RI |
XVII (2013) |
[142] | ||
.jpg)
|
Matteo Renzi (born 1975) |
22 February 2014 |
12 December 2016 |
2 years, 294 days | Democratic Party | Renzi | Centre-left coalition PD • NCD • SC • UDC |
[143] | |||
.jpg)
|
Paolo Gentiloni (born 1954) |
12 December 2016 |
1 June 2018 |
1 year, 171 days | Democratic Party | Gentiloni | Centre-left coalition PD • NCD/AP • CpE |
Sergio Mattarella.jpg) (2015–present) |
[144] | ||
.jpg)
|
Giuseppe Conte (born 1964) |
1 June 2018 |
5 September 2019 |
2 years, 257 days | Independent[k] | Conte I | M5S • Lega | XVIII (2018) |
[145] [146] | ||
| 5 September 2019 |
13 February 2021 |
Conte II | M5S • PD • Art.1 • IV[l] | ||||||||
|
Mario Draghi (born 1947) |
13 February 2021 |
22 October 2022 |
1 year, 251 days | Independent | Draghi | M5S • Lega • PD • FI • IpF[m] • IV • Art.1 • A[n] | [147] | |||
|
Giorgia Meloni (born 1977) |
22 October 2022 |
Incumbent | 2 years, 34 days | Brothers of Italy | Meloni | Centre-right coalition FdI • Lega • FI |
XIX (2022) |
[148] | ||
- ^ Colors in the "Party" column indicate the party to which a prime minister belongs.
- ^ Colors in the "Cabinet" and "Composition" columns indicate the governing coalition.
- ^ a b c d e The cabinet did not receive the confidence of the Parliament.
- ^ a b Until 4 May 1993
- ^ a b Within The Olive Tree coalition
- ^ Until December 1999
- ^ Until February 1999
- ^ a b From February 1999
- ^ Until November 2013
- ^ From November 2013
- ^ Close to the Five Star Movement
- ^ From September 2019 to January 2021
- ^ From June 2022
- ^ From July 2022
Timeline
[edit]Kingdom of Italy (1861–1946)
[edit]
Italian Republic (1946–present)
[edit]
See also
[edit]References
[edit]- ^ "I Governi nelle Legislature". www.governo.it (in Italian). 9 November 2015. Archived from the original on 15 November 2021. Retrieved 15 November 2021.
- ^ "La funzione del Presidente del Consiglio". www.governo.it (in Italian). 9 November 2015. Archived from the original on 15 November 2021. Retrieved 15 November 2021.
- ^ "Cavour, Camillo Benso conte di nell'Enciclopedia Treccani". www.treccani.it (in Italian). Enciclopedia Treccani. Archived from the original on 29 October 2021. Retrieved 15 November 2021.
- ^ Mack Smith, Denis (1985). Cavour. London: Weidenfeld and Nicolson. ISBN 9780297785125.
- ^ "Lo Statuto Albertino" (PDF) (in Italian). The official website of the Presidency of the Italian Republic. Archived (PDF) from the original on 16 August 2018. Retrieved 14 November 2021.
- ^ "LEGGE 24 dicembre 1925, n. 2263-Normattiva". www.normattiva.it (in Italian). Archived from the original on 14 November 2021. Retrieved 15 November 2021.
- ^ "I Presidenti del Consiglio". legislature.camera.it (in Italian). Archived from the original on 14 November 2021. Retrieved 15 November 2021.
- ^ "Italy-Government and society | Britannica". www.britannica.com. Encyclopedia Britannica. Archived from the original on 19 October 2021. Retrieved 15 November 2021.
- ^ Harris, Chris (13 December 2016). "Why do governments in Italy change so often?". euronews. Archived from the original on 15 November 2021. Retrieved 15 November 2021.
- ^ "In 75 anni le donne al governo sono state appena il 6,5%". www.ilsole24ore.com (in Italian). Il Sole 24 Ore. 12 February 2021. Archived from the original on 12 February 2021. Retrieved 12 February 2021.
- ^ "Governo, Mattarella conferisce l'incarico a Meloni. Giorgia: "Esecutivo di alto profilo che lavorerà spedito". Domani il giuramento alle 10 in Quirinale. La lista dei 24 ministri". 21 October 2022.
- ^ "Far-right leader Giorgia Meloni sworn in as Italy's prime minister". The Guardian. 22 October 2022. Retrieved 22 October 2022.
- ^ "Mussolini, Benito". www.treccani.it (in Italian). Enciclopedia Treccani. Archived from the original on 27 October 2021. Retrieved 15 November 2021.
- ^ "Quali sono stati i governi italiani più lunghi?". www.youtrend.it (in Italian). YouTrend. 26 November 2020. Archived from the original on 13 November 2021. Retrieved 15 November 2021.
- ^ "Tommaso Tittoni nell'Enciclopedia Treccani". www.treccani.it (in Italian). Enciclopedia Treccani. Archived from the original on 15 November 2021. Retrieved 15 November 2021.
- ^ "Fernando Tambroni Armaroli nell'Enciclopedia Treccani". www.treccani.it (in Italian). Enciclopedia Treccani. Archived from the original on 15 November 2021. Retrieved 15 November 2021.
- ^ "IV Governo Cavour". storia.camera.it (in Italian). Archived from the original on 29 July 2020. Retrieved 11 April 2020.
- ^ "I Governo Ricasoli". storia.camera.it (in Italian). Archived from the original on 29 July 2020. Retrieved 11 April 2020.
- ^ "I Governo Rattazzi". storia.camera.it (in Italian). Archived from the original on 19 July 2020. Retrieved 11 April 2020.
- ^ "I Governo Farini". storia.camera.it (in Italian). Archived from the original on 1 June 2020. Retrieved 11 April 2020.
- ^ "I Governo Minghetti". storia.camera.it (in Italian). Archived from the original on 18 July 2020. Retrieved 11 April 2020.
- ^ "II Governo La Marmora". storia.camera.it (in Italian). Archived from the original on 24 August 2020. Retrieved 11 April 2020.
- ^ "III Governo La Marmora". storia.camera.it (in Italian). Archived from the original on 29 July 2020. Retrieved 11 April 2020.
- ^ "II Governo Ricasoli". storia.camera.it (in Italian). Archived from the original on 1 June 2020. Retrieved 11 April 2020.
- ^ "II Governo Rattazzi". storia.camera.it (in Italian). Archived from the original on 29 July 2020. Retrieved 11 April 2020.
- ^ "I Governo Menabrea". storia.camera.it (in Italian). Archived from the original on 5 July 2020. Retrieved 11 April 2020.
- ^ "II Governo Menabrea". storia.camera.it (in Italian). Archived from the original on 29 July 2020. Retrieved 11 April 2020.
- ^ "III Governo Menabrea". storia.camera.it (in Italian). Archived from the original on 30 July 2020. Retrieved 11 April 2020.
- ^ "I Governo Lanza". storia.camera.it (in Italian). Archived from the original on 9 July 2020. Retrieved 11 April 2020.
- ^ "II Governo Minghetti". storia.camera.it (in Italian). Archived from the original on 20 July 2020. Retrieved 11 April 2020.
- ^ "I Governo Depretis". storia.camera.it (in Italian). Archived from the original on 28 November 2019. Retrieved 11 April 2020.
- ^ "II Governo Depretis". storia.camera.it (in Italian). Archived from the original on 30 July 2020. Retrieved 11 April 2020.
- ^ "I Governo Cairoli". storia.camera.it (in Italian). Archived from the original on 30 May 2020. Retrieved 11 April 2020.
- ^ "III Governo Depretis". storia.camera.it (in Italian). Archived from the original on 30 July 2020. Retrieved 11 April 2020.
- ^ "II Governo Cairoli". storia.camera.it (in Italian). Archived from the original on 2 June 2020. Retrieved 11 April 2020.
- ^ "III Governo Cairoli". storia.camera.it (in Italian). Archived from the original on 22 August 2020. Retrieved 11 April 2020.
- ^ "IV Governo Depretis". storia.camera.it (in Italian). Archived from the original on 3 June 2020. Retrieved 11 April 2020.
- ^ "V Governo Depretis". storia.camera.it (in Italian). Archived from the original on 29 July 2020. Retrieved 11 April 2020.
- ^ "VI Governo Depretis". storia.camera.it (in Italian). Archived from the original on 29 July 2020. Retrieved 11 April 2020.
- ^ "VII Governo Depretis". storia.camera.it (in Italian). Archived from the original on 29 July 2020. Retrieved 11 April 2020.
- ^ "VIII Governo Depretis". storia.camera.it (in Italian). Archived from the original on 29 July 2020. Retrieved 11 April 2020.
- ^ "I Governo Crispi". storia.camera.it (in Italian). Archived from the original on 29 July 2020. Retrieved 11 April 2020.
- ^ "II Governo Crispi". storia.camera.it (in Italian). Archived from the original on 29 July 2020. Retrieved 11 April 2020.
- ^ "I Governo Di Rudinì". storia.camera.it (in Italian). Archived from the original on 28 November 2019. Retrieved 11 April 2020.
- ^ "I Governo Giolitti". storia.camera.it (in Italian). Archived from the original on 8 September 2020. Retrieved 11 April 2020.
- ^ "III Governo Crispi". storia.camera.it (in Italian). Archived from the original on 31 July 2020. Retrieved 11 April 2020.
- ^ "IV Governo Crispi". storia.camera.it (in Italian). Archived from the original on 29 July 2020. Retrieved 11 April 2020.
- ^ "II Governo Di Rudinì". storia.camera.it (in Italian). Archived from the original on 14 July 2020. Retrieved 11 April 2020.
- ^ "III Governo Di Rudinì". storia.camera.it (in Italian). Archived from the original on 5 July 2020. Retrieved 11 April 2020.
- ^ "IV Governo Di Rudinì". storia.camera.it (in Italian). Archived from the original on 29 July 2020. Retrieved 11 April 2020.
- ^ "V Governo Di Rudinì". storia.camera.it (in Italian). Archived from the original on 24 November 2020. Retrieved 11 April 2020.
- ^ "I Governo Pelloux". storia.camera.it (in Italian). Archived from the original on 12 June 2020. Retrieved 11 April 2020.
- ^ "II Governo Pelloux". storia.camera.it (in Italian). Archived from the original on 29 July 2020. Retrieved 11 April 2020.
- ^ "I Governo Saracco". storia.camera.it (in Italian). Archived from the original on 13 June 2020. Retrieved 11 April 2020.
- ^ "I Governo Zanardelli". storia.camera.it (in Italian). Archived from the original on 29 July 2020. Retrieved 11 April 2020.
- ^ "II Governo Giolitti". storia.camera.it (in Italian). Archived from the original on 27 May 2020. Retrieved 11 April 2020.
- ^ "I Governo Tittoni". storia.camera.it (in Italian). Archived from the original on 27 May 2020. Retrieved 11 April 2020.
- ^ "I Governo Fortis". storia.camera.it (in Italian). Archived from the original on 22 August 2020. Retrieved 11 April 2020.
- ^ "II Governo Fortis". storia.camera.it (in Italian). Archived from the original on 29 July 2020. Retrieved 11 April 2020.
- ^ "I Governo Sonnino". storia.camera.it (in Italian). Archived from the original on 29 July 2020. Retrieved 11 April 2020.
- ^ "III Governo Giolitti". storia.camera.it (in Italian). Archived from the original on 29 July 2020. Retrieved 11 April 2020.
- ^ "II Governo Sonnino". storia.camera.it (in Italian). Archived from the original on 29 July 2020. Retrieved 11 April 2020.
- ^ "I Governo Luzzatti". storia.camera.it (in Italian). Archived from the original on 19 November 2021. Retrieved 11 April 2020.
- ^ "IV Governo Giolitti". storia.camera.it (in Italian). Archived from the original on 27 November 2020. Retrieved 11 April 2020.
- ^ "I Governo Salandra". storia.camera.it (in Italian). Archived from the original on 25 November 2020. Retrieved 11 April 2020.
- ^ "II Governo Salandra". storia.camera.it (in Italian). Archived from the original on 29 July 2020. Retrieved 11 April 2020.
- ^ "I Governo Boselli". storia.camera.it (in Italian). Archived from the original on 28 July 2020. Retrieved 11 April 2020.
- ^ "I Governo Orlando". storia.camera.it (in Italian). Archived from the original on 29 July 2020. Retrieved 11 April 2020.
- ^ "I Governo Nitti". storia.camera.it (in Italian). Archived from the original on 29 July 2020. Retrieved 11 April 2020.
- ^ "II Governo Nitti". storia.camera.it (in Italian). Archived from the original on 24 November 2020. Retrieved 11 April 2020.
- ^ "V Governo Giolitti". storia.camera.it (in Italian). Archived from the original on 28 April 2020. Retrieved 11 April 2020.
- ^ "I Governo Bonomi". storia.camera.it (in Italian). Archived from the original on 29 July 2020. Retrieved 11 April 2020.
- ^ "I Governo Facta". storia.camera.it (in Italian). Archived from the original on 22 August 2020. Retrieved 11 April 2020.
- ^ "II Governo Facta". storia.camera.it (in Italian). Archived from the original on 29 July 2020. Retrieved 11 April 2020.
- ^ "I Governo Mussolini". storia.camera.it (in Italian). Archived from the original on 29 July 2020. Retrieved 11 April 2020.
- ^ "Composizione del Governo Badoglio I". senato.it (in Italian). Archived from the original on 25 February 2020. Retrieved 11 April 2020.
- ^ "Governo Badoglio II". governo.it (in Italian). 20 November 2015. Archived from the original on 18 February 2020. Retrieved 11 April 2020.
- ^ "Governo Bonomi II". governo.it (in Italian). 20 November 2015. Archived from the original on 18 February 2020. Retrieved 11 April 2020.
- ^ "Governo Bonomi III". governo.it (in Italian). 20 November 2015. Archived from the original on 18 February 2020. Retrieved 11 April 2020.
- ^ "I Governo Parri". storia.camera.it (in Italian). Archived from the original on 20 July 2020. Retrieved 11 April 2020.
- ^ "I Governo De Gasperi". storia.camera.it (in Italian). Archived from the original on 29 July 2020. Retrieved 11 April 2020.
- ^ "II Governo De Gasperi". storia.camera.it (in Italian). Archived from the original on 29 July 2020. Retrieved 11 April 2020.
- ^ "III Governo De Gasperi". storia.camera.it (in Italian). Archived from the original on 30 October 2020. Retrieved 10 July 2020.
- ^ "IV Governo De Gasperi". storia.camera.it (in Italian). Archived from the original on 30 October 2020. Retrieved 10 July 2020.
- ^ "V Governo De Gasperi". storia.camera.it (in Italian). Archived from the original on 5 August 2020. Retrieved 10 July 2020.
- ^ "VI Governo De Gasperi". storia.camera.it (in Italian). Archived from the original on 14 September 2021. Retrieved 10 July 2020.
- ^ "VII Governo De Gasperi". storia.camera.it (in Italian). Archived from the original on 28 July 2020. Retrieved 10 July 2020.
- ^ "VIII Governo De Gasperi". storia.camera.it (in Italian). Archived from the original on 26 July 2020. Retrieved 10 July 2020.
- ^ "Governo Pella". storia.camera.it (in Italian). Archived from the original on 24 April 2020. Retrieved 10 July 2020.
- ^ "I Governo Fanfani". storia.camera.it (in Italian). Archived from the original on 24 April 2020. Retrieved 10 July 2020.
- ^ "Governo Scelba". storia.camera.it (in Italian). Archived from the original on 29 July 2020. Retrieved 10 July 2020.
- ^ "I Governo Segni". storia.camera.it (in Italian). Archived from the original on 13 April 2020. Retrieved 10 July 2020.
- ^ "Governo Zoli". storia.camera.it (in Italian). Archived from the original on 24 April 2020. Retrieved 10 July 2020.
- ^ "II Governo Fanfani". storia.camera.it (in Italian). Archived from the original on 29 July 2020. Retrieved 10 July 2020.
- ^ "II Governo Segni". storia.camera.it (in Italian). Archived from the original on 4 December 2020. Retrieved 10 July 2020.
- ^ "Governo Tambroni". storia.camera.it (in Italian). Archived from the original on 23 July 2020. Retrieved 10 July 2020.
- ^ "III Governo Fanfani". storia.camera.it (in Italian). Archived from the original on 21 June 2020. Retrieved 10 July 2020.
- ^ a b "IV Governo Fanfani". storia.camera.it (in Italian). Archived from the original on 13 July 2020. Retrieved 10 July 2020.
- ^ "I Governo Leone". storia.camera.it (in Italian). Archived from the original on 4 December 2020. Retrieved 10 July 2020.
- ^ "I Governo Moro". storia.camera.it (in Italian). Archived from the original on 4 December 2020. Retrieved 10 July 2020.
- ^ "II Governo Moro". storia.camera.it (in Italian). Archived from the original on 4 December 2020. Retrieved 10 July 2020.
- ^ "III Governo Moro". storia.camera.it (in Italian). Archived from the original on 4 March 2020. Retrieved 10 July 2020.
- ^ "II Governo Leone". storia.camera.it (in Italian). Archived from the original on 5 August 2020. Retrieved 10 July 2020.
- ^ "I Governo Rumor". storia.camera.it (in Italian). Archived from the original on 4 December 2020. Retrieved 10 July 2020.
- ^ "II Governo Rumor". storia.camera.it (in Italian). Archived from the original on 31 July 2020. Retrieved 10 July 2020.
- ^ "III Governo Rumor". storia.camera.it (in Italian). Archived from the original on 4 December 2020. Retrieved 10 July 2020.
- ^ "Governo Colombo". storia.camera.it (in Italian). Archived from the original on 19 November 2021. Retrieved 10 July 2020.
- ^ "I Governo Andreotti". storia.camera.it (in Italian). Archived from the original on 4 December 2020. Retrieved 10 July 2020.
- ^ "II Governo Andreotti". storia.camera.it (in Italian). Archived from the original on 27 May 2020. Retrieved 10 July 2020.
- ^ "IV Governo Rumor". storia.camera.it (in Italian). Archived from the original on 27 May 2020. Retrieved 10 July 2020.
- ^ "V Governo Rumor". storia.camera.it (in Italian). Archived from the original on 27 May 2020. Retrieved 10 July 2020.
- ^ "IV Governo Moro". storia.camera.it (in Italian). Archived from the original on 27 May 2020. Retrieved 10 July 2020.
- ^ "V Governo Moro". storia.camera.it (in Italian). Archived from the original on 2 August 2020. Retrieved 10 July 2020.
- ^ "III Governo Andreotti". storia.camera.it (in Italian). Archived from the original on 2 July 2020. Retrieved 10 July 2020.
- ^ "IV Governo Andreotti". storia.camera.it (in Italian). Archived from the original on 4 December 2020. Retrieved 10 July 2020.
- ^ "V Governo Andreotti". storia.camera.it (in Italian). Archived from the original on 23 July 2020. Retrieved 10 July 2020.
- ^ "I Governo Cossiga". storia.camera.it (in Italian). Archived from the original on 27 July 2020. Retrieved 10 July 2020.
- ^ "II Governo Cossiga". storia.camera.it (in Italian). Archived from the original on 27 July 2020. Retrieved 10 July 2020.
- ^ "Governo Forlani". storia.camera.it (in Italian). Archived from the original on 24 November 2020. Retrieved 10 July 2020.
- ^ "I Governo Spadolini". storia.camera.it (in Italian). Archived from the original on 5 August 2020. Retrieved 10 July 2020.
- ^ "II Governo Spadolini". storia.camera.it (in Italian). Archived from the original on 24 November 2020. Retrieved 10 July 2020.
- ^ "V Governo Fanfani". storia.camera.it (in Italian). Archived from the original on 24 November 2020. Retrieved 10 July 2020.
- ^ "I Governo Craxi". storia.camera.it (in Italian). Archived from the original on 4 December 2020. Retrieved 10 July 2020.
- ^ "II Governo Craxi". storia.camera.it (in Italian). Archived from the original on 4 December 2020. Retrieved 10 July 2020.
- ^ "Governo Goria". storia.camera.it (in Italian). Archived from the original on 27 July 2020. Retrieved 10 July 2020.
- ^ "Governo De Mita". storia.camera.it (in Italian). Archived from the original on 30 October 2020. Retrieved 10 July 2020.
- ^ "VI Governo Andreotti". storia.camera.it (in Italian). Archived from the original on 11 November 2020. Retrieved 10 July 2020.
- ^ "VII Governo Andreotti". storia.camera.it (in Italian). Archived from the original on 23 July 2020. Retrieved 10 July 2020.
- ^ "I Governo Amato". storia.camera.it (in Italian). Archived from the original on 4 December 2020. Retrieved 10 July 2020.
- ^ "Governo Ciampi". storia.camera.it (in Italian). Archived from the original on 10 June 2020. Retrieved 10 July 2020.
- ^ "I Governo Berlusconi". storia.camera.it (in Italian). Archived from the original on 30 October 2020. Retrieved 10 July 2020.
- ^ "Governo Dini". storia.camera.it (in Italian). Archived from the original on 30 October 2020. Retrieved 10 July 2020.
- ^ "I Governo Prodi". storia.camera.it (in Italian). Archived from the original on 24 November 2020. Retrieved 10 July 2020.
- ^ "I Governo D'Alema". storia.camera.it (in Italian). Archived from the original on 28 July 2020. Retrieved 10 July 2020.
- ^ "II Governo D'Alema". storia.camera.it (in Italian). Archived from the original on 29 July 2020. Retrieved 10 July 2020.
- ^ "II Governo Amato II" (in Italian). 11 November 2015. Archived from the original on 27 July 2020. Retrieved 10 July 2020.
- ^ "II Governo Berlusconi". storia.camera.it (in Italian). Archived from the original on 24 November 2020. Retrieved 10 July 2020.
- ^ "III Governo Berlusconi". storia.camera.it (in Italian). Archived from the original on 5 August 2020. Retrieved 10 July 2020.
- ^ "II Governo Prodi". storia.camera.it (in Italian). Archived from the original on 23 July 2020. Retrieved 10 July 2020.
- ^ "IV Governo Berlusconi". storia.camera.it (in Italian). Archived from the original on 29 July 2020. Retrieved 10 July 2020.
- ^ "Governo Monti". storia.camera.it (in Italian). Archived from the original on 24 November 2020. Retrieved 10 July 2020.
- ^ "Governo Letta". storia.camera.it (in Italian). Archived from the original on 24 November 2020. Retrieved 10 July 2020.
- ^ "Governo Renzi". storia.camera.it (in Italian). Archived from the original on 23 September 2020. Retrieved 10 July 2020.
- ^ "Governo Gentiloni". storia.camera.it (in Italian). Archived from the original on 19 November 2021. Retrieved 10 July 2020.
- ^ "I Governo Conte". storia.camera.it (in Italian). Archived from the original on 19 November 2021. Retrieved 10 July 2020.
- ^ "II Governo Conte". storia.camera.it (in Italian). Archived from the original on 19 November 2021. Retrieved 10 July 2020.
- ^ "Governo Draghi". governo.it (in Italian). 13 February 2021. Archived from the original on 13 November 2021. Retrieved 15 November 2021.
- ^ "Governo Meloni". governo.it (in Italian). 22 October 2022. Retrieved 24 October 2022.
Bibliography
[edit]- Guglielmotti, Umberto, ed. (1966). I presidenti del Consiglio dei Ministri dell'Unita' d'Italia ad oggi, Volume 3 (in Italian). CEN.
- Viviani, Maria Paola, ed. (1970). La presidenza del Consiglio dei ministri in alcuni stati dell'Europa occidentale ed in Italia (in Italian). Giuffrè.
- Rotelli, Ettore, ed. (1972). La Presidenza Del Consiglio Dei Ministri: Il Problema Del Coordinamento Dell'amministrazione Centrale in Italia, (1848–1948) (in Italian). Giuffrè.
- Marzo, Corradino; Amodio, Vito Domenico, eds. (2014). I governi della Repubblica. Storia dei Presidenti del Consiglio, Volume 1 (in Italian). Lupo. ISBN 978-8866671893.
