De jure
In law and government, de jure (/deɪ ˈdʒʊəri, di -, - ˈjʊər-/; Latin: [deː ˈjuːre]; lit. 'by law') describes practices that are officially recognized by laws or other formal norms, regardless of whether the practice exists in reality.[1] In contrast, de facto ('in fact') describes situations that exist in reality, even if not formally recognized.[2]
Jurisprudence and de jure law
[edit]In U.S. law, particularly after Brown v. Board of Education (1954), the difference between de facto segregation (that existed because of voluntary associations and neighborhoods) and de jure segregation (that existed because of local laws) became important distinctions for court-mandated remedial purposes.[3]
Government and culture
[edit]Between 1805 and 1914, the ruling dynasty of Egypt was subject to the rulers of the Ottoman Empire but acted as de facto independent rulers who maintained the polite fiction of Ottoman suzerainty. However, starting from around 1882, the rulers had only de jure rule over Egypt, as it had by then become a British puppet state.[4] Thus, by Ottoman law, Egypt was de jure a province of the Ottoman Empire, but de facto was part of the British Empire.
Borders
[edit]The de jure borders of a country are defined by the area its government claims, but not necessarily controls. Modern examples include Taiwan (claimed but not controlled by China)[5] and Kashmir (claimed by multiple countries).[6]
See also
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References
[edit]- ^ "de jure". dictionary.com. Dictionary.com, LLC. Retrieved 11 July 2016.
- ^ "Definition of 'de facto' adjective from the Oxford Advanced Learner's Dictionary". OxfordLearnersDictionaries.com. Oxford University Press. Retrieved 11 July 2016.
- ^ James Anderson; Dara N. Byrne (29 April 2004). The Unfinished Agenda of Brown V. Board of Education. Diverse: Issues In Higher Education. pp. 55–. ISBN 978-0-471-64926-7.
- ^ Mak, Lanver (15 March 2012). The British in Egypt: Community, Crime and Crises 1882–1922. I.B.Tauris. ISBN 9781848857094.
- ^ Fabry, Mikulas (2 January 2024). "The Effect of 'One China' Policies of Foreign States on the International Status of Taiwan". Diplomacy & Statecraft. 35 (1): 90–115. doi:10.1080/09592296.2024.2303855.
- ^ Osmańczyk, Edmund Jan (2003), Encyclopedia of the United Nations and International Agreements: G to M, Taylor & Francis, pp. 1191–, ISBN 978-0-415-93922-5, archived from the original on 17 January 2023, retrieved 18 December 2021